Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory will have two projects focused on improving ZNE homes, looking at barriers to ZNE implementation and the mitigating air contamination in the “tighter” ZNE building envelope. One the projects will include an analysis of the cost-effectiveness of various approaches to lowering energy use in single family and multifamily homes, such as comparing all-electric homes to homes with gas-based heating. Another will look at household kitchen contaminants in ZNE homes in light of Berkeley Lab researchers finding hazardous levels of pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter in many home kitchens.