Contractor and Market Dynamics Constrain Retrofit Adoption. Contractor incentives and market structures favor familiar equipment and volume-based relationships, discouraging adoption of newer electrified technologies like heat pumps. Limited training, risk aversion, and one-size-fits-all approaches reduce building-specific solutions. Small and community-based contractors also face barriers accessing grants and programs designed for larger firms, limiting competition and slowing retrofit delivery—especially in under-resourced communities.